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80C86
March 1997
CMOS 16-Bit Microprocessor
Description
The Intersil 80C86 high performance 16-bit CMOS CPU is manufactured using a self-aligned silicon gate CMOS process (Scaled SAJI IV). Two modes of operation, minimum for small systems and maximum for larger applications such as multiprocessing, allow user configuration to achieve the highest performance level. Full TTL compatibility (with the exception of CLOCK) and industry standard operation allow use of existing NMOS 8086 hardware and software designs.
Features
* Compatible with NMOS 8086 * Completely Static CMOS Design - DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5MHz (80C86) - DC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8MHz (80C86-2) * Low Power Operation - lCCSB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .500A Max - ICCOP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10mA/MHz Typ * 1MByte of Direct Memory Addressing Capability * 24 Operand Addressing Modes * Bit, Byte, Word and Block Move Operations * 8-Bit and 16-Bit Signed/Unsigned Arithmetic - Binary, or Decimal - Multiply and Divide * Wide Operating Temperature Range - C80C86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0oC to +70oC - l80C86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40oC to +85oC - M80C86 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55oC to +125oC
[ /Title (80C86 ) /Subject CMO 16it icrorocesor) /Autho () /Keyords Interil orpoation, nteril orpoation, 6 Bit P, icrorocesor, 086, C) /Cre-
Ordering Information
PACKAGE PDIP TEMP. RANGE 0oC to +70oC 0oC 0oC -55oC SMD# CLCC SMD# +70oC +70oC +125oC 5MHz CP80C86 8MHz PKG. NO.
CP80C86-2 E40.6 IP80C86-2 E40.6
-40oC to +85oC lP80C86 PLCC to CS80C86 -40oC to +85oC lS80C86 CERDIP to CD80C86 -40oC to +85oC ID80C86 to
CS80C86-2 N44.65 IS80C86-2 N44.65
CD80C86-2 F40.6 ID80C86-2 F40.6 F40.6
MD80C86/B MD80C862/B
-55oC to +125oC 8405201QA 8405202QA F40.6 -55oC to +125oC MR80C86/B MR80C862/B J44.A
-55oC to +125oC 8405201XA 8405202XA J44.A
CAUTION: These devices are sensitive to electrostatic discharge; follow proper IC Handling Procedures. http://www.intersil.com or 407-727-9207 | Copyright (c) Intersil Corporation 1999
File Number
2957.1
3-141
80C86 Pinouts
80C86 (DIP) TOP VIEW
GND AD14 AD13 AD12 AD11 AD10 AD9 AD8 AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0 NMI INTR CLK GND 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 MAX 40 VCC 39 AD15 38 A16/S3 37 A17/S4 36 A18/S5 35 A19/S6 34 BHE/S7 33 MN/MX 32 RD 31 RQ/GT0 30 RQ/GT1 29 LOCK 28 S2 27 S1 26 S0 25 QS0 24 QS1 23 TEST 22 READY 21 RESET (HOLD) (HLDA) (WR) (M/IO) (DT/R)) (DEN) (ALE) (INTA) (MIN)
80C86 (PLCC, CLCC) TOP VIEW
A16/S3 A16/S3 A17/S4 A18/S5 A17/S4 A18/S5
39 38
AD11
AD12
AD13
AD14
MAX MODE 80C86
AD11
AD12
AD13
AD14
MIN MODE 80C86 AD10 AD9 AD8 AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0 AD10 AD9 AD8 AD7 AD6 AD5 AD4 AD3 AD2 AD1 AD0
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
6
5
4
3
2
1 44 43 42 41 40
AD15
GND
VCC
NC
AD15
GND
VCC
NC
NC A19/S6
NC A19/S6 BHE/S7 MN/MX RD RQ/GT0 RQ/GT1 LOCK S2 S1 S0
37 BHE/S7 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
MN/MX RD HOLD HLDA WR M/IO DT/R DEN
READY
RESET
TEST
INTR
INTA
GND
CLK
ALE
NMI
NC
NC
MIN MODE 80C86 MAX MODE 80C86
READY
RESET
TEST
INTR
GND
CLK
3-142
QS1
QS0
NMI
NC
NC
80C86 Functional Diagram
EXECUTION UNIT REGISTER FILE DATA POINTER AND INDEX REGS (8 WORDS) BUS INTERFACE UNIT RELOCATION REGISTER FILE SEGMENT REGISTERS AND INSTRUCTION POINTER (5 WORDS)
16-BIT ALU FLAGS BUS INTERFACE UNIT
4 16 3 4
BHE/S7 A19/S6 A16/S3 AD15-AD0 INTA, RD, WR DT/R, DEN, ALE, M/IO
6-BYTE INSTRUCTION QUEUE TEST INTR NMI RQ/GT0, 1 HOLD HLDA 3 RESET READY MN/MX GND VCC 2 CONTROL AND TIMING
LOCK 2 3 QS0, QS1 S2, S1, S0
CLK
MEMORY INTERFACE C-BUS
B-BUS ES BUS INTERFACE UNIT CS SS DS IP
INSTRUCTION STREAM BYTE QUEUE
EXECUTION UNIT CONTROL SYSTEM A-BUS
AH BH CH EXECUTION UNIT DH SP BP SI DI
AL BL CL DL
ARITHMETIC/ LOGIC UNIT
FLAGS
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80C86 Pin Description
The following pin function descriptions are for 80C86 systems in either minimum or maximum mode. The "Local Bus" in these description is the direct multiplexed bus interface connection to the 80C86 (without regard to additional bus buffers). PIN NUMBER 2-16, 39
SYMBOL AD15-AD0
TYPE I/O
DESCRIPTION ADDRESS DATA BUS: These lines constitute the time multiplexed memory/lO address (T1) and data (T2, T3, TW, T4) bus. A0 is analogous to BHE for the lower byte of the data bus, pins D7D0. It is LOW during Ti when a byte is to be transferred on the lower portion of the bus in memory or I/O operations. Eight-bit oriented devices tied to the lower half would normally use A0 to condition chip select functions (See BHE). These lines are active HIGH and are held at high impedance to the last valid logic level during interrupt acknowledge and local bus "hold acknowledge" or "grant sequence". ADDRESS/STATUS: During T1, these are the four most significant address lines for memory operations. During I/O operations these lines are LOW. During memory and I/O operations, status information is available on these lines during T2, T3, TW, T4. S6 is always LOW. The status of the interrupt enable FLAG bit (S5) is updated at the beginning of each clock cycle. S4 and S3 are encoded as shown. This information indicates which segment register is presently being used for data accessing. These lines are held at high impedance to the last valid logic level during local bus "hold acknowledge" or "grant sequence". S4 0 0 1 1 S3 0 1 0 1 CHARACTERISTICS Alternate Data Stack Code or None Data
A19/S6 A18/S5 A17/S4 A16/S3
35-38
O
BHE/S7
34
O
BUS HIGH ENABLE/STATUS: During T1 the bus high enable signal (BHE) should be used to enable data onto the most significant half of the data bus, pins D15-D8. Eight bit oriented devices tied to the upper half of the bus would normally use BHE to condition chip select functions. BHE is LOW during T1 for read, write, and interrupt acknowledge cycles when a byte is to be transferred on the high portion of the bus. The S7 status information is available during T2, T3 and T4. The signal is active LOW, and is held at high impedance to the last valid logic level during interrupt acknowledge and local bus "hold acknowledge" or "grant sequence", it is LOW during T1 for the first interrupt acknowledge cycle. BHE 0 0 1 1 A0 0 1 0 1 CHARACTERISTICS Whole Word Upper Byte From/to Odd Address Lower Byte From/to Even address None
RD
32
O
READ: Read strobe indicates that the processor is performing a memory or I/O read cycle, depending on the state of the M/IO or S2 pin. This signal is used to read devices which reside on the 80C86 local bus. RD is active LOW during T2, T3 and TW of any read cycle, and is guaranteed to remain HIGH in T2 until the 80C86 local bus has floated. This line is held at a high impedance logic one state during "hold acknowledge" or "grand sequence". READY: is the acknowledgment from the addressed memory or I/O device that will complete the data transfer. The RDY signal from memory or I/O is synchronized by the 82C84A Clock Generator to form READY. This signal is active HIGH. The 80C86 READY input is not synchronized. Correct operation is not guaranteed if the Setup and Hold Times are not met.
READY
22
I
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80C86 Pin Description
(Continued)
The following pin function descriptions are for 80C86 systems in either minimum or maximum mode. The "Local Bus" in these description is the direct multiplexed bus interface connection to the 80C86 (without regard to additional bus buffers). PIN NUMBER 18
SYMBOL INTR
TYPE I
DESCRIPTION INTERRUPT REQUEST: is a level triggered input which is sampled during the last clock cycle of each instruction to determine if the processor should enter into an interrupt acknowledge operation. A subroutine is vectored to via an interrupt vector lookup table located in system memory. It can be internally masked by software resetting the interrupt enable bit. lNTR is internally synchronized. This signal is active HIGH. TEST: input is examined by the "Wait" instruction. If the TEST input is LOW execution continues, otherwise the processor waits in an "Idle" state. This input is synchronized internally during each clock cycle on the leading edge of CLK. NON-MASKABLE INTERRUPT: is an edge triggered input which causes a type 2 interrupt. A subroutine is vectored to via an interrupt vector lookup table located in system memory. NMI is not maskable internally by software. A transition from LOW to HIGH initiates the interrupt at the end of the current instruction. This input is internally synchronized. RESET: causes the processor to immediately terminate its present activity. The signal must transition LOW to HIGH and remain active HIGH for at least four clock cycles. It restarts execution, as described in the Instruction Set description, when RESET returns LOW. RESET is internally synchronized. CLOCK: provides the basic timing for the processor and bus controller. It is asymmetric with a 33% duty cycle to provide optimized internal timing. VCC: +5V power supply pin. A 0.1F capacitor between pins 20 and 40 is recommended for decoupling. GND: Ground. Note: both must be connected. A 0.1F capacitor between pins 1 and 20 is recommended for decoupling.
TEST
23
I
NMI
17
I
RESET
21
I
CLK
19
I
VCC
40
GND
1, 20
MN/MX
33
I
MINIMUM/MAXIMUM: Indicates what mode the processor is to operate in. The two modes are discussed in the following sections.
Minimum Mode System
The following pin function descriptions are for the 80C86 in minimum mode (i.e., MN/MX = VCC). Only the pin functions which are unique to minimum mode are described; all other pin functions are as described below. PIN NUMBER 28
SYMBOL M/IO
TYPE O
DESCRIPTION STATUS LINE: logically equivalent to S2 in the maximum mode. It is used to distinguish a memory access from an I/O access. M/lO becomes valid in the T4 preceding a bus cycle and remains valid until the final T4 of the cycle (M = HIGH, I/O = LOW). M/lO is held to a high impedance logic one during local bus "hold acknowledge". WRITE: indicates that the processor is performing a write memory or write I/O cycle, depending on the state of the M/IO signal. WR is active for T2, T3 and TW of any write cycle. It is active LOW, and is held to high impedance logic one during local bus "hold acknowledge". INTERRUPT ACKNOWLEDGE: is used as a read strobe for interrupt acknowledge cycles. It is active LOW during T2, T3 and TW of each interrupt acknowledge cycle. Note that INTA is never floated. ADDRESS LATCH ENABLE: is provided by the processor to latch the address into the 82C82/82C83 address latch. It is a HIGH pulse active during clock LOW of T1 of any bus cycle. Note that ALE is never floated.
WR
29
O
INTA
24
O
ALE
25
O
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80C86
Minimum Mode System
(Continued)
The following pin function descriptions are for the 80C86 in minimum mode (i.e., MN/MX = VCC). Only the pin functions which are unique to minimum mode are described; all other pin functions are as described below. PIN NUMBER 27
SYMBOL DT/R
TYPE O
DESCRIPTION DATA TRANSMIT/RECEIVE: is needed in a minimum system that desires to use a data bus transceiver. It is used to control the direction of data flow through the transceiver. Logically, DT/R is equivalent to S1 in maximum mode, and its timing is the same as for M/IO (T = HIGH, R = LOW). DT/R is held to a high impedance logic one during local bus "hold acknowledge". DATA ENABLE: provided as an output enable for a bus transceiver in a minimum system which uses the transceiver. DEN is active LOW during each memory and I/O access and for INTA cycles. For a read or INTA cycle it is active from the middle of T2 until the middle of T4, while for a write cycle it is active from the beginning of T2 until the middle of T4. DEN is held to a high impedance logic one during local bus "hold acknowledge". HOLD: indicates that another master is requesting a local bus "hold". To be an acknowledged, HOLD must be active HIGH. The processor receiving the "hold" will issue a "hold acknowledge" (HLDA) in the middle of a T4 or TI clock cycle. Simultaneously with the issuance of HLDA, the processor will float the local bus and control lines. After HOLD is detected as being LOW, the processor will lower HLDA, and when the processor needs to run another cycle, it will again drive the local bus and control lines. HOLD is not an asynchronous input. External synchronization should be provided if the system cannot otherwise guarantee the setup time.
DEN
26
O
HOLD HLDA
31, 30
I O
Maximum Mode System
The following pin function descriptions are for the 80C86 system in maximum mode (i.e., MN/MX - GND). Only the pin functions which are unique to maximum mode are described below. PIN NUMBER 26 27 28
SYMBOL S0 S1 S2
TYPE O O O
DESCRIPTION STATUS: is active during T4, T1 and T2 and is returned to the passive state (1, 1, 1) during T3 or during TW when READY is HIGH. This status is used by the 82C88 Bus Controller to generate all memory and I/O access control signals. Any change by S2, S1 or S0 during T4 is used to indicate the beginning of a bus cycle, and the return to the passive state in T3 or TW is used to indicate the end of a bus cycle. These signals are held at a high impedance logic one state during "grant sequence". S2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 S1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 S0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 CHARACTERISTICS Interrupt Acknowledge Read I/O Port Write I/O Port Halt Code Access Read Memory Write Memory Passive
3-146
80C86
Maximum Mode System
(Continued)
The following pin function descriptions are for the 80C86 system in maximum mode (i.e., MN/MX - GND). Only the pin functions which are unique to maximum mode are described below. PIN NUMBER 31, 30
SYMBOL RQ/GT0 RQ/GT1
TYPE I/O
DESCRIPTION REQUEST/GRANT: pins are used by other local bus masters to force the processor to release the local bus at the end of the processor's current bus cycle. Each pin is bidirectional with RQ/GTO having higher priority than RQ/GT1. RQ/GT has an internal pull-up bus hold device so it may be left unconnected. The request/grant sequence is as follows (see RQ/GT Sequence Timing) 1. A pulse of 1 CLK wide from another local bus master indicates a local bus request ("hold") to the 80C86 (pulse 1). 2. During a T4 or TI clock cycle, a pulse 1 CLK wide from the 80C86 to the requesting master (pulse 2) indicates that the 80C86 has allowed the local bus to float and that it will enter the "grant sequence" state at the next CLK. The CPU's bus interface unit is disconnected logically from the local bus during "grant sequence". 3. A pulse 1 CLK wide from the requesting master indicates to the 80C86 (pulse 3) that the "hold" request is about to end and that the 80C86 can reclaim the local bus at the next CLK. The CPU then enters T4 (or TI if no bus cycles pending). Each Master-Master exchange of the local bus is a sequence of 3 pulses. There must be one idle CLK cycle after each bus exchange. Pulses are active low. If the request is made while the CPU is performing a memory cycle, it will release the local bus during T4 of the cycle when all the following conditions are met: 1. 2. 3. 4. Request occurs on or before T2. Current cycle is not the low byte of a word (on an odd address). Current cycle is not the first acknowledge of an interrupt acknowledge sequence. A locked instruction is not currently executing. If the local bus is idle when the request is made the two possible events will follow: 1. Local bus will be released during the next cycle. 2. A memory cycle will start within three clocks. Now the four rules for a currently active memory cycle apply with condition number 1 already satisfied.
LOCK
29
O
LOCK: output indicates that other system bus masters are not to gain control of the system bus while LOCK is active LOW. The LOCK signal is activated by the "LOCK" prefix instruction and remains active until the completion of the next instruction. This signal is active LOW, and is held at a high impedance logic one state during "grant sequence". In MAX mode, LOCK is automatically generated during T2 of the first INTA cycle and removed during T2 of the second INTA cycle. QUEUE STATUS: The queue status is valid during the CLK cycle after which the queue operation is performed. QS1 and QS0 provide status to allow external tracking of the internal 80C86 instruction queue. Note that QS1, QS0 never become high impedance. QSI 0 0 1 1 QSO 0 1 0 1 No Operation First byte of op code from queue Empty the queue Subsequent byte from queue
QS1, QSO
24, 25
O
3-147
80C86 Functional Description
Static Operation All 80C86 circuitry is of static design. Internal registers, counters and latches are static and require no refresh as with dynamic circuit design. This eliminates the minimum operating frequency restriction placed on other microprocessors. The CMOS 80C86 can operate from DC to the specified upper frequency limit. The processor clock may be stopped in either state (HIGH/LOW) and held there indefinitely. This type of operation is especially useful for system debug or power critical applications. The 80C86 can be single stepped using only the CPU clock. This state can be maintained as long as is necessary. Single step clock operation allows simple interface circuitry to provide critical information for bringing up your system. Static design also allows very low frequency operation (down to DC). In a power critical situation, this can provide extremely low power operation since 80C86 power dissipation is directly related to operating frequency. As the system frequency is reduced, so is the operating power until, ultimately, at a DC input frequency, the 80C86 power requirement is the standby current, (500A maximum). Internal Architecture The internal functions of the 80C86 processor are partitioned logically into two processing units. The first is the Bus Interface Unit (BlU) and the second is the Execution Unit (EU) as shown in the CPU functional diagram. These units can interact directly, but for the most part perform as separate asynchronous operational processors. The bus interface unit provides the functions related to instruction fetching and queuing, operand fetch and store, and address relocation. This unit also provides the basic bus control. The overlap of instruction pre-fetching provided by this unit serves to increase processor performance through improved bus bandwidth utilization. Up to 6 bytes of the instruction stream can be queued while waiting for decoding and execution. The instruction stream queuing mechanism allows the BIU to keep the memory utilized very efficiently. Whenever there is space for at least 2 bytes in the queue, the BlU will attempt a word fetch memory cycle. This greatly reduces "dead-time" on the memory bus. The queue acts as a First-In-First-Out (FIFO) buffer, from which the EU extracts instruction bytes as required. If the queue is empty (following a branch instruction, for example), the first byte into the queue immediately becomes available to the EU. The execution unit receives pre-fetched instructions from the BlU queue and provides un-relocated operand addresses to the BlU. Memory operands are passed through the BIU for processing by the EU, which passes results to the BIU for storage. Memory Organization The processor provides a 20-bit address to memory, which locates the byte being referenced. The memory is organized as a linear array of up to 1 million bytes, addressed as 00000(H) to FFFFF(H). The memory is logically divided into
FIGURE 1. 80C86 MEMORY ORGANIZATION TABLE 1. TYPE OF MEMORY REFERENCE Instruction Fetch Stack Operation Variable (except following) String Source String Destination BP Used As Base Register DEFAULT SEGMENT BASE CS SS DS DS ES SS ALTERNATE SEGMENT BASE None None CS, ES, SS CS, ES, SS None CS, DS, ES
code, data, extra and stack segments of up to 64K bytes each, with each segment falling on 16-byte boundaries. (See Figure 1).
FFFFFH
64K-BIT
CODE SEGMENT XXXXOH
STACK SEGMENT + OFFSET
SEGMENT REGISTER FILE CS SS DS ES
DATA SEGMENT
EXTRA SEGMENT
00000H
OFFSET IP SP Effective Address SI DI Effective Address
All memory references are made relative to base addresses contained in high speed segment registers. The segment types were chosen based on the addressing needs of programs. The segment register to be selected is automatically chosen according to the specific rules of Table 1. All information in one segment type share the same logical attributes (e.g. code or data). By structuring memory into re-locatable areas of similar characteristics and by automatically selecting segment registers, programs are shorter, faster and more structured. (See Table 1). Word (16-bit) operands can be located on even or odd address boundaries and are thus, not constrained to even boundaries as is the case in many 16-bit computers. For address and data operands, the least significant byte of the word is stored in the lower valued address location and the most significant byte in the next higher address location. The BIU automatically performs the proper number of memory
3-148
80C86
accesses; one, if the word operand is on an even byte boundary and two, if it is on an odd byte boundary. Except for the performance penalty, this double access is transparent to the software. The performance penalty does not occur for instruction fetches; only word operands. Physically, the memory is organized as a high bank (D15D8) and a low bank (D7-D0) of 512K bytes addressed in parallel by the processor's address lines. Byte data with even addresses is transferred on the D7-D0 bus lines, while odd addressed byte data (A0 HIGH) is transferred on the D15-D8 bus lines. The processor provides two enable signals, BHE and A0, to selectively allow reading from or writing into either an odd byte location, even byte location, or both. The instruction stream is fetched from memory as words and is addressed internally by the processor at the byte level as necessary. In referencing word data, the BlU requires one or two memory cycles depending on whether the starting byte of the word is on an even or odd address, respectively. Consequently, in referencing word operands performance can be optimized by locating data on even address boundaries. This is an especially useful technique for using the stack, since odd address references to the stack may adversely affect the context switching time for interrupt processing or task multiplexing. Certain locations in memory are reserved for specific CPU operations (See Figure 2). Locations from address FFFF0H through FFFFFH are reserved for operations including a jump to the initial program loading routine. Following RESET, the CPU will always begin execution at location FFFF0H where the jump must be located. Locations 00000H through 003FFH are reserved for interrupt operations. Each of the 256 possible interrupt service routines is accessed thru its own pair of 16bit pointers (segment address pointer and offset address pointer). The first pointer, used as the offset address, is loaded into the lP and the second pointer, which designates the base address is loaded into the CS. At this point program control is transferred to the interrupt routine. The pointer elements are assumed to have been stored at the respective places in reserved memory prior to occurrence of interrupts. Minimum and Maximum Operation Modes The requirements for supporting minimum and maximum 80C86 systems are sufficiently different that they cannot be met efficiently using 40 uniquely defined pins. Consequently, the 80C86 is equipped with a strap pin (MN/MX) which defines the system configuration. The definition of a certain subset of the pins changes, dependent on the condition of the strap pin. When the MN/MX pin is strapped to GND, the 80C86 defines pins 24 through 31 and 34 in maximum mode. When the MN/MX pin is strapped to VCC, the 80C86 generates bus control signals itself on pins 24 through 31 and 34. The minimum mode 80C86 can be used with either a multiplexed or demultiplexed bus. This architecture provides the 80C86 processing power in a highly integrated form. The demultiplexed mode requires two 82C82 latches (for 64K addressability) or three 82C82 latches (for a full megabyte of addressing). An 82C86 or 82C87 transceiver can also be used if data bus buffering is required. (See Figure 6A.) The 80C86 provides DEN and DT/R to control the transceiver, and ALE to latch the addresses. This configuration of the minimum mode provides the standard demultiplexed bus structure with heavy bus buffering and relaxed bus timing requirements. The maximum mode employs the 82C88 bus controller (See Figure 6B). The 82C88 decodes status lines S0, S1 and S2, and provides the system with all bus control signals. Moving the bus control to the 82C88 provides better source and sink current capability to the control lines, and frees the 80C86 pins for extended large system features. Hardware lock, queue status, and two request/grant interfaces are provided by the 80C86 in maximum mode. These features allow coprocessors in local bus and remote bus configurations. Bus Operation The 80C86 has a combined address and data bus commonly referred to as a time multiplexed bus. This technique provides the most efficient use of pins on the processor while permitting the use of a standard 40 lead package. This "local bus" can be buffered directly and used throughout the system with address latching provided on memory and I/O modules. In addition, the bus can also be demultiplexed at the processor with a single set of 82C82 address latches if a standard non-multiplexed bus is desired for the system. Each processor bus cycle consists of at least four CLK cycles. These are referred to as T1, T2, T3 and T4 (see Figure 3). The address is emitted from the processor during T1 and data transfer occurs on the bus during T3 and T4. T2 is used primarily for changing the direction of the bus during read operations. In the event that a "NOT READY" indication is given by the addressed device, "Wait" states (TW) are inserted between T3 and T4. Each inserted wait state is the same duration as a CLK cycle. Periods can occur between 80C86 driven bus cycles. These are referred to as idle" states (TI) or inactive CLK cycles. The processor uses these cycles for internal housekeeping and processing. During T1 of any bus cycle, the ALE (Address Latch Enable) signal is emitted (by either the processor or the 82C88 bus controller, depending on the MN/MX strap). At the trailing edge of this pulse, a valid address and certain status information for the cycle may be latched. Status bits S0, S1 and S2 are used by the bus controller, in maximum mode, to identify the type of bus transaction according to Table 2.
TABLE 2. S2 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 S1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 S0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 CHARACTERISTICS Interrupt Read I/O Write I/O Halt Instruction Fetch Read Data from Memory Write Data to Memory Passive (No Bus Cycle)
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80C86
Status bits S3 through S7 are time multiplexed with high order address bits and the BHE signal, and are therefore valid during T2 through T4. S3 and S4 indicate which segment register (see Instruction Set Description) was used for this bus cycle in forming the address, according to Table 3. S5 is a reflection of the PSW interrupt enable bit. S3 is always zero and S7 is a spare status bit.
TABLE 3. S4 0 0 1 1 S3 0 1 0 1 CHARACTERISTICS Alternate Data (Extra Segment) Stack Code or None Data
I/O Addressing In the 80C86, I/O operations can address up to a maximum of 64K I/O byte registers or 32K I/O word registers. The I/O address appears in the same format as the memory address on bus lines A15-A0. The address lines A19-A16 are zero in I/O operations. The variable I/O instructions which use register DX as a pointer have full address capability while the direct I/O instructions directly address one or two of the 256 I/O byte locations in page 0 of the I/O address space.
I/O ports are addressed in the same manner as memory locations. Even addressed bytes are transferred on the D7-D0 bus lines and odd addressed bytes on D15-D8. Care must be taken to ensure that each register within an 8-bit peripheral located on the lower portion of the bus be addressed as even.
FFFFFH FFFF0H
RESET BOOTSTRAP PROGRAM JUMP
3FFH 3FCH AVAILABLE INTERRUPT POINTERS (224) 084H 080H 07FH RESERVED INTERRUPT POINTERS (27)
TYPE 225 POINTER (AVAILABLE)
TYPE 33 POINTER (AVAILABLE) TYPE 32 POINTER (AVAILABLE) TYPE 31 POINTER (AVAILABLE)
014H 010H 00CH DEDICATED INTERRUPT POINTERS (5) 008H 004H 000H
TYPE 5 POINTER (RESERVED) TYPE 4 POINTER OVERFLOW TYPE 3 POINTER 1 BYTE INT INSTRUCTION TYPE 2 POINTER NON MASKABLE TYPE 1 POINTER SINGLE STEP TYPE 0 POINTER DIVIDE ERROR CS BASE ADDRESS IP OFFSET
16 BITS
FIGURE 2. RESERVED MEMORY LOCATIONS
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80C86
(4 + NWAIT) = TCY T1 CLK T2 T3 TWAIT T4 T1 T2
(4 + NWAIT) = TCY T3 TWAIT T4
GOES INACTIVE IN THE STATE JUST PRIOR TO T4 ALE
S2-S0
ADDR/ STATUS
BHE, A19-A16
S7-S3 BUS RESERVED FOR DATA IN
BHE A19-A16
S7-S3
ADDR/DATA
A15-A0
D15-D0 VALID
A15-A0
DATA OUT (D15-D0)
RD, INTA READY READY WAIT WAIT READY
DT/R
DEN MEMORY ACCESS TIME
WR
FIGURE 3. BASIC SYSTEM TIMING
3-151
80C86 External Interface
Processor RESET and Initialization
Processor initialization or start up is accomplished with activation (HIGH) of the RESET pin. The 80C86 RESET is required to be HIGH for greater than 4 CLK cycles. The 80C86 will terminate operations on the high-going edge of RESET and will remain dormant as long as RESET is HIGH. The low-going transition of RESET triggers an internal reset sequence for approximately 7 clock cycles. After this interval, the 80C86 operates normally beginning with the instruction in absolute location FFFF0H. (See Figure 2). The RESET input is internally synchronized to the processor clock. At initialization, the HIGHto-LOW transition of RESET must occur no sooner than 50s (or 4 CLK cycles, whichever is greater) after power-up, to allow complete initialization of the 80C86. NMl will not be recognized prior to the second CLK cycle following the end of RESET. If NMl is asserted sooner than nine clock cycles after the end of RESET, the processor may execute one instruction before responding to the interrupt.
Interrupt Operations Interrupt operations fall into two classes: software or hardware initiated. The software initiated interrupts and software aspects of hardware interrupts are specified in the Instruction Set Description. Hardware interrupts can be classified as non-maskable or maskable. Interrupts result in a transfer of control to a new program location. A 256-element table containing address pointers to the interrupt service program locations resides in absolute locations 0 through 3FFH, which are reserved for this purpose. Each element in the table is 4 bytes in size and corresponds to an interrupt "type". An interrupting device supplies an 8-bit type number during the interrupt acknowledge sequence, which is used to "vector" through the appropriate element to the new interrupt service program location. All flags and both the Code Segment and Instruction Pointer register are saved as part of the lNTA sequence. These are restored upon execution of an Interrupt Return (IRET) instruction. Non-Maskable Interrupt (NMI) The processor provides a single non-maskable interrupt pin (NMI) which has higher priority than the maskable interrupt request pin (INTR). A typical use would be to activate a power failure routine. The NMI is edge-triggered on a LOWto-HIGH transition. The activation of this pin causes a type 2 interrupt. NMl is required to have a duration in the HIGH state of greater than two CLK cycles, but is not required to be synchronized to the clock. Any positive transition of NMI is latched on-chip and will be serviced at the end of the current instruction or between whole moves of a block-type instruction. Worst case response to NMI would be for multiply, divide, and variable shift instructions. There is no specification on the occurrence of the low-going edge; it may occur before, during or after the servicing of NMI. Another positive edge triggers another response if it occurs after the start of the NMI procedure. The signal must be free of logical spikes in general and be free of bounces on the low-going edge to avoid triggering extraneous responses. Maskable Interrupt (INTR)
Bus Hold Circuitry
To avoid high current conditions caused by floating inputs to CMOS devices and to eliminate need for pull-up/down resistors, "bus-hold" circuitry has been used on the 80C86 pins 2-16, 2632 and 34-39. (See Figure 4A and Figure 4B). These circuits will maintain the last valid logic state if no driving source is present (i.e., an unconnected pin or a driving source which goes to a high impedance state). To overdrive the "bus hold" circuits, an external driver must be capable of supplying approximately 400A minimum sink or source current at valid input voltage levels. Since this "bus hold" circuitry is active and not a "resistive" type element, the associated power supply current is negligible and power dissipation is significantly reduced when compared to the use of passive pull-up resistors.
BOND PAD OUTPUT DRIVER INPUT BUFFER INPUT PROTECTION CIRCUITRY
EXTERNAL PIN
FIGURE 4A. BUS HOLD CIRCUITRY PIN 2-16, 34-39
BOND PAD OUTPUT DRIVER VCC P
EXTERNAL PIN
INPUT BUFFER
INPUT PROTECTION CIRCUITRY
FIGURE 4B. BUS HOLD CIRCUITRY PIN 26-32
The 80C86 provides a single interrupt request input (lNTR) which can be masked internally by software with the resetting of the interrupt enable flag (IF) status bit. The interrupt request signal is level triggered. It is internally synchronized during each clock cycle on the high-going edge of CLK. To be responded to, lNTR must be present (HIGH) during the clock period preceding the end of the current instruction or the end of a whole move for a block type instruction. lNTR may be removed anytime after the falling edge of the first INTA signal. During the interrupt response sequence further interrupts are disabled. The enable bit is reset as part of the response to any interrupt (lNTR, NMI, software interrupt or single-step), although the FLAGS register which is automatically pushed onto the stack reflects the state of the processor prior to the interrupt. Until the old FLAGS register is restored, the enable bit will be zero unless specifically set by an instruction.
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80C86
During the response sequence (Figure 5) the processor executes two successive (back-to-back) interrupt acknowledge cycles. The 80C86 emits the LOCK signal (Max mode only) from T2 of the first bus cycle until T2 of the second. A local bus "hold" request will not be honored until the end of the second bus cycle. In the second bus cycle, a byte is supplied to the 80C86 by the 82C59A Interrupt Controller, which identifies the source (type) of the interrupt. This byte is multiplied by four and used as a pointer into the interrupt vector lookup table. An INTR signal left HIGH will be continually responded to within the limitations of the enable bit and sample period. The INTERRUPT RETURN instruction includes a FLAGS pop which returns the status of the original interrupt enable bit when it restores the FLAGS.
T1 ALE AX LOCK BX CX DX INTA SP AD0AD15 FLOAT TYPE VECTOR BP SI DI STACK POINTER BASE POINTER SOURCE INDEX DESTINATION INDEX AH BH CH DH AL BL CL DL ACCUMULATOR BASE COUNT DATA T2 T3 T4 TI T1 T2 T3 T4
External Synchronization Via TEST As an alternative to interrupts, the 80C86 provides a single software-testable input pin (TEST). This input is utilized by executing a WAIT instruction. The single WAIT instruction is repeatedly executed until the TEST input goes active (LOW). The execution of WAIT does not consume bus cycles once the queue is full. If a local bus request occurs during WAIT execution, the 80C86 three-states all output drivers while inputs and I/O pins are held at valid logic levels by internal bus-hold circuits. If interrupts are enabled, the 80C86 will recognize interrupts and process them when it regains control of the bus. The WAIT instruction is then refetched, and re-executed.
TABLE 4. 80C86 REGISTER
FIGURE 5. INTERRUPT ACKNOWLEDGE SEQUENCE
Halt When a software "HALT" instruction is executed the processor indicates that it is entering the "HALT" state in one of two ways depending upon which mode is strapped. In minimum mode, the processor issues one ALE with no qualifying bus control signals. In maximum mode the processor issues appropriate HALT status on S2, S1, S0 and the 82C88 bus controller issues one ALE. The 80C86 will not leave the "HALT" state when a local bus "hold" is entered while in "HALT". In this case, the processor reissues the HALT indicator at the end of the local bus hold. An NMI or interrupt request (when interrupts enabled) or RESET will force the 80C86 out of the "HALT" state.
FLAGSH
IP FLAGSL
INSTRUCTION POINTER STATUS FLAG CODE SEGMENT DATA SEGMENT STACK SEGMENT EXTRA SEGMENT
CS DS SS ES
Basic System Timing Typical system configurations for the processor operating in minimum mode and in maximum mode are shown in Figures 6A and 6B, respectively. In minimum mode, the MN/MX pin is strapped to VCC and the processor emits bus control signals (e.g. RD, WR, etc.) directly. In maximum mode, the MN/MX pin is strapped to GND and the processor emits coded status information which the 82C88 bus controller uses to generate MULTIBUS compatible bus control signals. Figure 3 shows the signal timing relationships. System Timing - Minimum System The read cycle begins in T1 with the assertion of the Address Latch Enable (ALE) signal. The trailing (low-going) edge of this signal is used to latch the address information, which is valid on the address/data bus (AD0-AD15) at this time, into the 82C82/82C83 latch. The BHE and A0 signals address the low, high or both bytes. From T1 to T4 the M/lO signal indicates a memory or I/O operation. At T2, the address is removed from the address/data bus and the bus is held at the last valid logic state by internal bus hold
Read/Modify/Write (Semaphore)
Operations Via Lock The LOCK status information is provided by the processor when consecutive bus cycles are required during the execution of an instruction. This gives the processor the capability of performing read/modify/write operations on memory (via the Exchange Register With Memory instruction, for example) without another system bus master receiving intervening memory cycles. This is useful in multiprocessor system configurations to accomplish "test and set lock" operations. The LOCK signal is activated (forced LOW) in the clock cycle following decoding of the software "LOCK" prefix instruction. It is deactivated at the end of the last bus cycle of the instruction following the "LOCK" prefix instruction. While LOCK is active a request on a RQ/GT pin will be recorded and then honored at the end of the LOCK.
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80C86
devices. The read control signal is also asserted at T2. The read (RD) signal causes the addressed device to enable its data bus drivers to the local bus. Some time later, valid data will be available on the bus and the addressed device will drive the READY line HIGH. When the processor returns the read signal to a HIGH level, the addressed device will again three-state its bus drivers. If a transceiver (82C86/82C87) is required to buffer the 80C86 local bus, signals DT/R and DEN are provided by the 80C86. A write cycle also begins with the assertion of ALE and the emission of the address. The M/IO signal is again asserted to indicate a memory or I/O write operation. In T2, immediately following the address emission, the processor emits the data to be written into the addressed location. This data remains valid until at least the middle of T4. During T2, T3 and TW, the processor asserts the write control signal. The write (WR) signal becomes active at the beginning of T2 as opposed to the read which is delayed somewhat into T2 to provide time for output drivers to become inactive. The BHE and A0 signals are used to select the proper byte(s) of the memory/lO word to be read or written according to Table 5.
TABLE 5. BHE 0 0 1 1 A0 0 1 0 1 CHARACTERISTICS Whole word Upper Byte From/To Odd Address Lower Byte From/To Even Address None
Bus Timing - Medium Size Systems For medium complexity systems the MN/MX pin is connected to GND and the 82C88 Bus Controller is added to the system as well as an 82C82/82C83 latch for latching the system address, and an 82C86/82C87 transceiver to allow for bus loading greater than the 80C86 is capable of handling. Signals ALE, DEN, and DT/R are generated by the 82C88 instead of the processor in this configuration, although their timing remains relatively the same. The 80C86 status outputs (S2, S1 and S0) provide type-of-cycle information and become 82C88 inputs. This bus cycle information specifies read (code, data or I/O), write (data or I/O), interrupt acknowledge, or software halt. The 82C88 issues control signals specifying memory read or write, I/O read or write, or interrupt acknowledge. The 82C88 provides two types of write strobes, normal and advanced, to be applied as required. The normal write strobes have data valid at the leading edge of write. The advanced write strobes have the same timing as read strobes, and hence, data is not valid at the leading edge of write. The 82C86/82C87 transceiver receives the usual T and OE inputs from the 82C88 DT/R and DEN signals. The pointer into the interrupt vector table, which is passed during the second INTA cycle, can be derived from an 82C59A located on either the local bus or the system bus. If the master 82C59A Priority Interrupt Controller is positioned on the local bus, the 82C86/82C87 transceiver must be disabled when reading from the master 82C59A during the interrupt acknowledge sequence and software "poll".
I/O ports are addressed in the same manner as memory location. Even addressed bytes are transferred on the D7-D0 bus lines and odd address bytes on D15-D8. The basic difference between the interrupt acknowledge cycle and a read cycle is that the interrupt acknowledge signal (INTA) is asserted in place of the read (RD) signal and the address bus is held at the last valid logic state by internal bus hold devices. (See Figure 4). In the second of two successive INTA cycles a byte of information is read from the data bus (D7-D0) as supplied by the interrupt system logic (i.e., 82C59A Priority Interrupt Controller). This byte identifies the source (type) of the interrupt. It is multiplied by four and used as a pointer into an interrupt vector lookup table, as described earlier.
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80C86
VCC MN/MX M/IO INTA RD WR DT/R DEN GND WAIT STATE GENERATOR GND 1 VCC C1 20 C2 40 C1 = C2 = 0.1F VCC T OE 82C86 TRANSCEIVER (2)
BHE
VCC
82C8A/85 CLOCK GENERATOR RES RDY
CLK READY RESET
ALE 80C86 CPU GND AD0-AD15 A16-A19 GND BHE ADDR/DATA STB OE ADDR 82C82 LATCH 2 OR 3
DATA A0
OPTIONAL FOR INCREASED DATA BUS DRIVE
EH
EL WG HM-6516 CMOS RAM 2K x 8 2K x 8
E
G
HM-6616 CMOS PROM (2) 2K x 8 2K x 8
RD WR CMOS 82CXX PERIPHERALS
CS
FIGURE 6A. MINIMUM MODE 80C86 TYPICAL CONFIGURATION
VCC MN/MX CLK S0 READY S1 RESET S2 80C86 CPU GND WAIT STATE GENERATOR GND 1 VCC C1 20 C2 40 C1 = C2 = 0.1F VCC T OE
82C86 TRANSCEIVER
GND
CLK
MRDC NC
82C84A/85 CLOCK GENERATOR/ RES RDY
MWTC S0 82C88 S1 BUS AMWC S2 CTRLR IORC IOWC DEN DT/R AIOWC ALE INTA NC STB GND OE 82C82 (2 OR 3)
NC
LOCK
AD0-AD15 A16-A19 BHE GND
ADDR
ADDR/DATA
DATA A0 BHE EH EL WG E G HM-6616 CMOS PROM (2) 2K x 8 2K x 8 RDWR CMOS 82CXX PERIPHERALS CS
(2)
HM-65162 CMOS RAM 2K x 8 2K x 8
FIGURE 6B. MAXIMUM MODE 80C86 TYPICAL CONFIGURATION
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80C86
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Supply Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +8.0V Input, Output or I/O Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . .GND -0.5V to VCC +0.5V Storage Temperature Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -65oC to +150oC Junction Temperature Ceramic Packages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +175oC Plastic Packages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +150oC Lead Temperature (Soldering 10s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +300oC (Lead tips only for surface mount packages) ESD Classification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Class 1
Thermal Information
Thermal Resistance (Typical, Note 1) JA (oC/W) JC (oC/W) PDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 N/A PLCC Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 N/A SBDIP Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 6 CLCC Package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 6 Gate Count . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9750 Gates
CAUTION: Stresses above those listed in "Absolute Maximum Ratings" may cause permanent damage to the device. This is a stress only rating and operation of the device at these or any other conditions above those indicated in the operational sections of this specification is not implied.
NOTE: 1. JA is measured with the component mounted on an evaluation PC board in free air.
Operating Conditions
Operating Supply Voltage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +4.5V to +5.5V M80C86-2 ONLY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +4.75V to +5.25V Operating Temperature Range: C80C86/-2 . . . . . . . . 0oC to +70oC I80C86/-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -40oC to +85oC M80C86/-2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . -55oC to +125oC
DC Electrical Specifications
VCC = 5.0V, 10%; VCC = 5.0V, 10%; VCC = 5.0V, 10%; VCC = 5.0V, 5%;
TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C86, C80C86-2) TA = -40oC to +85oC (l80C86, I80C86-2) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C86) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C86-2) MIN 2.0 2.2 0.8 VCC -0.8 0.8 3.0 VCC -0.4 0.4 -1.0 -40 40 1.0 -400 400 -10.0 500 10 MAX UNITS V V V V V V V V A A A A A mA/MHz lOH = -2.5mA lOH = -100A lOL = +2.5mA VIN = GND or VCC DIP Pins 17-19, 21-23, 33 VIN = - 3.0V (Note 1) VIN = - 0.8V (Note 2) VOUT = GND (Note 4) VCC = - 5.5V (Note 3) FREQ = Max, VIN = VCC or GND, Outputs Open TEST CONDITION C80C86, I80C86 (Note 5) M80C86 (Note 5)
SYMBOL VlH VIL VIHC VILC VOH VOL II lBHH lBHL IO ICCSB ICCOP Logical One Input Voltage
PARAMETER
Logical Zero Input Voltage CLK Logical One Input Voltage
CLK Logical Zero Input Voltage
Output High Voltage Output Low Voltage Input Leakage Current Input Current-Bus Hold High Input Current-Bus Hold Low Output Leakage Current Standby Power Supply Current Operating Power Supply Current
Capacitance
SYMBOL CIN COUT CI/O NOTES:
TA = 25oC PARAMETER TYPICAL 25 25 25 UNITS pF pF pF TEST CONDITIONS FREQ = 1MHz. All measurements are referenced to device GND FREQ = 1MHz. All measurements are referenced to device GND FREQ = 1MHz. All measurements are referenced to device GND
Input Capacitance Output Capacitance I/O Capacitance
2. lBHH should be measured after raising VIN to VCC and then lowering to 3.0V on the following pins 2-16, 26-32, 34-39. 3. IBHL should be measured after lowering VIN to GND and then raising to 0.8V on the following pins: 2-16, 34-39. 4. lCCSB tested during clock high time after halt instruction executed. VIN = VCC or GND, VCC = 5.5V, Outputs unloaded. 5. IO should be measured by putting the pin in a high impedance state and then driving VOUT to GND on the following pins: 26-29 and 32. 6. MN/MX is a strap option and should be held to VCC or GND.
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80C86
AC Electrical Specifications
VCC = 5.0V 10%; TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C86, C80C86-2) VCC = 5.0V 100%; TA = -40oC to +85oC (I80C86, I80C86-2) VCC = 5.0V 100%; TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C86) VCC = 5.0V 5%; TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C86-2)
MINIMUM COMPLEXITY SYSTEM 80C86 SYMBOL TIMING REQUIREMENTS (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) TCLCL TCLCH TCHCL TCH1CH2 TCL2C1 TDVCL TCLDX1 TR1VCL Cycle Period CLK Low Time CLK High Time CLK Rise Time CLK FaIl Time Data In Setup Time Data In Hold Time RDY Setup Time into 82C84A (Notes 7, 8) RDY Hold Time into 82C84A (Notes 7, 8) READY Setup Time into 80C86 READY Hold Time into 80C86 READY Inactive to CLK (Note 9) HOLD Setup Time lNTR, NMI, TEST Setup Time (Note 8) Input Rise Time (Except CLK) Input FaIl Time (Except CLK) 30 10 35 200 118 69 10 10 20 10 35 125 68 44 10 10 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns From 1.0V to 3.5V From 3.5V to 1.0V PARAMETER MIN MAX 80C86-2 MIN MAX UNITS TEST CONDITIONS
(9)
TCLR1X
0
0
ns
(10) (11) (12) (13) (14)
TRYHCH TCHRYX TRYLCL THVCH TINVCH
118 30 -8 35 30
68 20 -8 20 15
ns ns ns
ns
ns
(15) (16)
TILIH TIHIL
15 15
15 15
ns ns
From 0.8V to 2.0V From 2.0V to 0.8V
TIMING RESPONSES (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) TCLAV TCLAX TCLAZ TCHSZ TCHSV TLHLL TCLLH TCHLL Address Valid Delay Address Hold Time Address Float Delay Status Float Delay Status Active Delay ALE Width ALE Active Delay ALE Inactive Delay 10 TCLCH-20 80 85 10 10 TCLAX 80 80 110 10 TCLCH-10 50 55 110 10 10 TCLAX 50 50 60 60 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF
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80C86
AC Electrical Specifications
VCC = 5.0V 10%; TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C86, C80C86-2) VCC = 5.0V 100%; TA = -40oC to +85oC (I80C86, I80C86-2) VCC = 5.0V 100%; TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C86) VCC = 5.0V 5%; TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C86-2) (Continued)
MINIMUM COMPLEXITY SYSTEM 80C86 SYMBOL (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) (30) (31) (32) (33) (34) (35) (36) (37) (38) (39) (40) (41) NOTES: 7. Signal at 82C84A shown for reference only. 8. Setup requirement for asynchronous signal only to guarantee recognition at next CLK. 9. Applies only to T2 state (8ns into T3). TLLAX TCLDV TCLDX2 TWHDX TCVCTV TCHCTV TCVCTX TAZRL TCLRL TCLRH TRHAV TCLHAV TRLRH TWLWH TAVAL TOLOH TOHOL PARAMETER Address Hold Time to ALE Inactive Data Valid Delay Data Hold Time Data Hold Time After WR Control Active Delay 1 Control Active Delay 2 Control Inactive Delay Address Float to READ Active RD Active Delay RD Inactive Delay RD Inactive to Next Address Active HLDA Valid Delay RD Width WR Width Address Valid to ALE Low Output Rise Time Output Fall Time MIN TCHCL-10 10 10 TCLCL-30 10 10 10 0 10 10 TCLCL-45 10 2TCLCL-75 2TCLCL-60 TCLCH-60 20 20 160 165 150 110 110 110 110 MAX 80C86-2 MIN TCHCL-10 10 10 TCLCL-30 10 10 10 0 10 10 TCLCL-40 10 2TCLCL-50 2TCLCL-40 TCLCH-40 15 15 100 100 80 70 60 70 60 MAX UNITS ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns TEST CONDITIONS CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF From 0.8V to 2.0V From 2.0V to 0.8V
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80C86 Waveforms
T1 (1) TCLCL CLK (82C84A OUTPUT) (3) (30) TCHCTV M/IO (17) TCLAV BHE/S7, A19/S6-A16/S3 (23) TCLLH ALE (24) TCHLL RDY (82C84A INPUT) SEE NOTE TAVAL (39) VIH VIL (12) TRYLCL TCLR1X (9) TR1VCL (8) TCH1CH2 (4) TCHCL (2) TCLCH TCHCTV (30) T2 T3 (5) TCL2CL1 TW T4
(26) TCLDV (18) TCLAX BHE, A19-A16 TLHLL (22) TLLAX (25) S7-S3
(17) TCLAV
READY (80C86 INPUT)
(11) TCHRYX (10) TRYHCH (16) TDVCL DATA IN (34) TCLRH TRHAV (35)
(19) TCLAZ AD15-AD0 AD15-AD0 (32) TAZRL RD READ CYCLE (WR, INTA = VOH) DT/R (29) TCVCTV DEN (30) TCHCTV TCLRL (33)
(7) TCLDX1
TRLRH (37)
(30) TCHCTV
TCVCTX (31)
FIGURE 7A. BUS TIMING - MINIMUM MODE SYSTEM NOTE: Signals at 82C84A are shown for reference only. RDY is sampled near the end of T2, T3, TW to determine if TW machine states are to be inserted.
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80C86 Waveforms
(Continued)
T1 (4) TCH1CH2 CLK (82C84A OUTPUT) (17) TCLAV AD15-AD0 TCVCTV DEN (29) TCVCTV WR (19) TCLAZ AD15-AD0 TCHCTV (30) INTA CYCLE (SEE NOTE) (RD, WR = VOH BHE = VOL) DT/R (29) TCVCTV INTA (29) TCVCTV DEN (26) TCLDV TCLAX AD15-AD0 (29)
T2
T3 (5) TCL2CL1
TW
T4
TW (27) TCLDX2 DATA OUT TWHDX (31) TCVCTX (28)
(18)
WRITE CYCLE (RD, INTA, DT/R = VOH)
(38) TWLWH TCVCTX TDVCL (31) (6) TCLDX1 (7) POINTER TCHCTV (30)
TCVCTX (31)
SOFTWARE HALT DEN, RD, WR, INTA = VOH AD15-AD0 TCLAV (17)
INVALID ADDRESS
SOFTWARE HALT
DT/R = INDETERMINATE
FIGURE 7B. BUS TIMING - MINIMUM MODE SYSTEM NOTE: Two INTA cycles run back-to-back. The 80C86 local ADDR/DATA bus is floating during both INTA cycles. Control signals are shown for the second INTA cycle.
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80C86
AC Electrical Specifications
VCC = 5.0V 10% VCC = 5.0V 10%; VCC = 5.0V 10%; VCC = 5.0V 5%; TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C86, C80C86-2) TA = -40oC to +85oC (I80C86, I80C86-2) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C86) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C86-2)
MAX MODE SYSTEM (USING 82C88 BUS CONTROLLER) TIMING REQUIREMENTS SYMBOL (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) TCLCL TCLCH TCHCL TCH1CH2 TCL2CL1 TDVCL TCLDX1 TR1VCL TCLR1X TRYHCH TCHRYX TRYLCL TlNVCH TGVCH TCHGX TILlH TIHIL PARAMETER CLK Cycle Period CLK Low Time CLK High Time CLK Rise Time CLK Fall Time Data in Setup Time Data In Hold Time RDY Setup Time into 82C84A (Notes 10, 11) RDY Hold Time into 82C84A (Notes 10, 11) READY Setup Time into 80C86 READY Hold Time into 80C86 READY Inactive to CLK (Note 12) Setup Time for Recognition (lNTR, NMl, TEST) (Note 11) RQ/GT Setup Time RQ Hold Time into 80C86 (Note 13) Input Rise Time (Except CLK) Input Fall Time (Except CLK) 30 10 35 0 118 30 -8 30 30 40 TCHCL+ 10 15 15 MIN 200 118 69 10 10 20 10 35 0 68 20 -8 15 15 30 TCHCL+ 10 15 15 80C86 MAX 80C86-2 MIN 125 68 44 10 10 MAX UNITS ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns From 0.8V to 2.0V From 2.0V to 0.8V From 1.0V to 3.5V From 3.5V to 1.0V TEST CONDITIONS
TIMING RESPONSES (18) TCLML Command Active Delay (Note 10) 5 35 5 35 ns CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load)
(19)
TCLMH
Command Inactive (Note 10)
5
35
5
35
ns
(20)
TRYHSH
READY Active to Status Passive (Notes 12, 14)
110
65
ns
(21)
TCHSV
Status Active Delay
10
110
10
60
ns
(22)
TCLSH
Status Inactive Delay (Note 14)
10
130
10
70
ns
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80C86
AC Electrical Specifications
VCC = 5.0V 10% VCC = 5.0V 10%; VCC = 5.0V 10%; VCC = 5.0V 5%; TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C86, C80C86-2) TA = -40oC to +85oC (I80C86, I80C86-2) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C86) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C86-2) (Continued)
MAX MODE SYSTEM (USING 82C88 BUS CONTROLLER) TIMING REQUIREMENTS SYMBOL (23) TCLAV PARAMETER Address Valid Delay MIN 10 80C86 MAX 110 80C86-2 MIN 10 MAX 60 UNITS ns TEST CONDITIONS CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load)
(24)
TCLAX
Address Hold Time
10
10
ns
(25)
TCLAZ
Address Float Delay
TCLAX
80
TCLAX
50
ns
(26)
TCHSZ
Status Float Delay
80
50
ns
(27)
TSVLH
Status Valid to ALE High (Note 10)
20
20
ns
(28)
TSVMCH
Status Valid to MCE High (Note 10)
30
30
ns
(29)
TCLLH
CLK low to ALE Valid (Note 10)
20
20
ns
(30)
TCLMCH
CLK low to MCE High (Note 10)
25
25
ns
(31)
TCHLL
ALE Inactive Delay (Note 10)
4
18
4
18
ns
(32)
TCLMCL
MCE Inactive Delay (Note 10)
15
15
ns
(33)
TCLDV
Data Valid Delay
10
110
10
60
ns
(34)
TCLDX2
Data Hold Time
10
10
ns
3-162
80C86
AC Electrical Specifications
VCC = 5.0V 10% VCC = 5.0V 10%; VCC = 5.0V 10%; VCC = 5.0V 5%; TA = 0oC to +70oC (C80C86, C80C86-2) TA = -40oC to +85oC (I80C86, I80C86-2) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C86) TA = -55oC to +125oC (M80C86-2) (Continued)
MAX MODE SYSTEM (USING 82C88 BUS CONTROLLER) TIMING REQUIREMENTS SYMBOL (35) TCVNV PARAMETER Control Active Delay (Note 10) MIN 5 80C86 MAX 45 80C86-2 MIN 5 MAX 45 UNITS ns TEST CONDITIONS CL = 100pF for All 80C86 Outputs (In Addition to 80C86 Self Load) CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF CL = 100pF From 0.8V to 2.0V From 2.0V to 0.8V
(36) (37) (38) (39) (40) (41) (42) (43) (44) (45) (46) (47) NOTES:
TCVNX TAZRL TCLRL TCLRH TRHAV TCHDTL TCHDTH TCLGL TCLGH TRLRH TOLOH TOHOL
Control Inactive Delay (Note 10) Address Float to Read Active RD Active Delay RD Inactive Delay RD Inactive to Next Address Active Direction Control Active Delay (Note 10) Direction Control Inactive Delay (Note 10) GT Active Delay GT Inactive Delay RD Width Output Rise Time Output Fall Time
10 0 10 10 TCLCL -45
45
10 0
45
ns ns
165 150
10 10 TCLCL -40
100 80
ns ns ns
50 30 10 10 2TCLC L -75 20 20 85 85 0 0 2TCLC L -50
50 30 50 50
ns ns ns ns ns
15 15
ns ns
10. Signal at 82C84A or 82C88 shown for reference only. 11. Setup requirement for asynchronous signal only to guarantee recognition at next CLK. 12. Applies only to T2 state (8ns into T3). 13. The 80C86 actively pulls the RQ/GT pin to a logic one on the following clock low time. 14. Status lines return to their inactive (logic one) state after CLK goes low and READY goes high.
3-163
80C86 Waveforms
T1 (1) TCLCL CLK (23) TCLAV QS0, QS1 (21) TCHSV S2, S1, S0 (EXCEPT HALT) (23) TCLAV BHE/S7, A19/S6-A16/S3 TSVLH (27) ALE (82C88 OUTPUT) NOTE RDY (82C84 INPUT) TCLR1X (9) (12) TRYLCL (11) READY 80C86 INPUT) (24) TCLAX TRYHSH (20) TRYHCH READ CYCLE AD15-AD0 TCLAV (23) (25) TCLAZ AD15-AD0 (37) TAZRL RD (41) TCHDTL TCLRL (38) TCLML 82C88 OUTPUTS SEE NOTES 15, 16 MRDC OR IORC (35) TCVNV DEN TCVNX (36) (18) TRLRH (45) (6) TDVCL DATA IN (39) TCLRH TRHAV (40) (42) TCHDTH TCHRYX TCLLH (29) TR1VCL (8) (33) TCLDV TCLAX BHE, A19-A16 TCHLL (31) (24) S7-S3 TCLSH (22) (SEE NOTE 17) TCLAV (23) TCHCL (3)
TCLCH (2)
T2 (4) TCH1CH2
T3 (5) TCL2CL1 TW
T4
(10) (7) TCLDX1
DT/R
TCLMH
(19)
FIGURE 8A. BUS TIMING - MAXIMUM MODE (USING 82C88) NOTES: 15. Signals at 82C84A or 82C88 are shown for reference only. RDY is sampled near the end of T2, T3, TW to determine if TW machine states are to be inserted. 16. The issuance of the 82C88 command and control signals (MRDC, MWTC, AMWC, IORC, IOWC, AIOWC, INTA, and DEN) lags the active high 82C88 CEN. 17. Status inactive in state just prior to T4.
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80C86 Waveforms
(Continued)
T1 CLK TCHSV (21) S2, S1, S0 (EXCEPT HALT) (23) TCLAV TCLDV TCLAX (33) (24) (22) DATA TCVNV (35) DEN 82C88 OUTPUTS SEE NOTES 18, 19 (18) TCLML AMWC OR AIOWC (18)TCLML MWTC OR IOWC INTA CYCLE AD15-AD0 (SEE NOTES 21, 22) (25) TCLAZ AD15-AD0 (32) RESERVED FOR CASCADE ADDR (6) TDVCL POINTER TCLMCL (28) TSVMCH MCE/PDEN (30) TCLMCH DT/R 82C88 OUTPUTS SEE NOTES 18, 19 (41) TCHDTL (42) TCLDX1 (7) TCLMH (19) TCLMH (19) TCVNX (36) (SEE NOTE 20)) TCLDX2 (34) T2 T3 T4
TW
WRITE CYCLE AD15-AD0
TCLSH
TCHDTH
(18) TCLML INTA (19) TCLMH
TCVNV (35) DEN SOFTWARE HALT - RD, MRDC, IORC, MWTC, AMWC, IOWC, AIOWC, INTA, S0, S1 = VOH AD15-AD0 TCLAV (23) S2 TCHSV (21) TCLSH (22) INVALID ADDRESS
TCVNX (36)
FIGURE 8B. BUS TIMING - MAXIMUM MODE (USING 82C88) NOTES: 18. Signals at 82C84A or 82C86 are shown for reference only. 19. The issuance of the 82C88 command and control signals (MRDC, MWTC, AMWC, IORC, IOWC, AIOWC, INTA and DEN) lags the active high 82C88 CEN. 20. Status inactive in state just prior to T4. 21. Cascade address is valid between first and second INTA cycles. 22. Two INTA cycles run back-to-back. The 80C86 local ADDR/DATA bus is floating during both INTA cycles. Control for pointer address is shown for second INTA cycle.
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80C86 Waveforms
(Continued)
ANY CLK CYCLE CLK TCLGH (44) (1) TCLCL
>0-CLK CYCLES
TGVCH (14) TCHGX (15)
TCLGL (43)
TCLGH (44) PULSE 2 80C86 GT PULSE 3 COPROCESSOR RELEASE COPROCESSOR TCHSV (21) (SEE NOTE)
RQ/GT PREVIOUS GRANT AD15-AD0 80C86
PULSE 1 COPROCESSOR RQ
TCLAZ (25)
TCHSZ (26) RD, LOCK BHE/S7, A19/S0-A16/S3 S2, S1, S0
NOTE: The coprocessor may not drive the busses outside the region shown without risking contention. FIGURE 9. REQUEST/GRANT SEQUENCE TIMING (MAXIMUM MODE ONLY)
1CLK CYCLE CLK THVCH (13) HOLD
1 OR 2 CYCLES
THVCH (13)
TCLHAV (36) HLDA TCLAZ (19) AD15-AD0 80C86 COPROCESSOR TCHSZ (20) BHE/S7, A19/S6-A16/S3 RD, WR, M/IO, DT/R, DEN
TCLHAV (36)
80C86 TCHSV (21)
FIGURE 10. HOLD/HOLD ACKNOWLEDGE TIMING (MINIMUM MODE ONLY)
CLK CLK
ANY CLK CYCLE (13) TINVCH (SEE NOTE)
ANY CLK CYCLE
NMI INTR TEST SIGNAL
TCLAV (23) LOCK
TCLAV (23)
NOTE: Setup requirements for asynchronous signals only to guarantee recognition at next CLK. FIGURE 11. ASYNCHRONOUS SIGNAL RECOGNITION FIGURE 12. BUS LOCK SIGNAL TIMING (MAXIMUM MODE ONLY)
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80C86 Waveforms
(Continued)
50s VCC
CLK (7) TCLDX1 (6) TDVCL RESET 4 CLK CYCLES
FIGURE 13. RESET TIMING
AC Test Circuit
OUTPUT FROM DEVICE UNDER TEST CL (SEE NOTE) TEST POINT
NOTE: Includes stay and jig capacitance.
AC Testing Input, Output Waveform
INPUT VIH + 20% VIH 1.5V VIL - 50% VIL 1.5V OUTPUT VOH VOL
NOTE: AC Testing: All input signals (other than CLK) must switch between VILMAX -50% VIL and VIHMIN +20% VIH. CLK must switch between 0.4V and VCC.-0.4 Input rise and fall times are driven at 1ns/V.
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80C86 Burn-In Circuits
MD80C86 CERDIP
C GND GND GND VCL GND GND VCL GND GND GND VCL VCL VCL OPEN OPEN OPEN OPEN GND GND F0 GND RC RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO 1 GND 2 AD14 3 AD13 4 AD12 5 AD11 6 AD10 7 AD9 8 AD8 9 AD7 10 AD6 11 AD5 12 AD4 13 AD3 14 AD2 15 AD1 16 AD0 17 NMI 18 INTR 19 CLK 20 GND VCC 40 AD15 39 AD16 38 AD17 37 AD18 36 AD19 35 BHE 34 MX 33 RD 32 RQ0 31 RQ1 30 LOCK 29 S2 28 S1 27 S0 26 QS0 25 QS2 24 TEST 23 READY 22 RESET 21 RI RI RO RI RO RO RO RO RO RO RO RIO RO RO RO RO RO VCC VCL VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 GND VCC/2 VCL VCL VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 VCC/2 GND VCL NODE A FROM PROGRAM CARD
NOTES: VCC = 5.5V 0.5V, GND = 0V. Input voltage limits (except clock): VIL (maximum) = 0.4V VIH (minimum) = 2.6V, VIH (clock) = (VCC -0.4V) minimum. VCC/2 is external supply set to 2.7V 10%. VCL is generated on program card (VCC - 0.65V). Pins 13 - 16 input sequenced instructions from internal hold devices. F0 = 100kHz 10%. Node A = a 40s pulse every 2.56ms.
COMPONENTS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. RI = 10k 5%, 1/4W RO = 1.2k 5%, 1/4W RIO = 2.7k 5%, 1/4W RC = 1k 5%, 1/4W C = 0.01F (Minimum)
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80C86 Burn-In Circuits
(Continued) MR80C86 CLCC
VCC VCL RIO RO RO RO
39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
C RIO RIO RIO RIO
RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO RIO
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
5
4
3
2
1 44 43 42 41 40
RO RO RO RI RI RO RO RO RO
RO
RC
RI
RI
RO
VCC/2 GND F0 A (FROM PROGRAM CARD)
NOTES: VCC = 5.5V 0.5V, GND = 0V. Input voltage limits (except clock): VIL (maximum) = 0.4V VIH (minimum) = 2.6V, VIH (clock) = (VCC -0.4V) minimum. VCC/2 is external supply set to 2.7V 10%. VCL is generated on program card (VCC - 0.65V). Pins 13 - 16 input sequenced instructions from internal hold devices. F0 = 100kHz 10%. Node A = a 40s pulse every 2.56ms.
COMPONENTS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. RI = 10k 5%, 1/4W RO = 1.2k 5%, 1/4W RIO = 2.7k 5%, 1/4W RC = 1k 5%, 1/4W C = 0.01F (Minimum)
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80C86 Metallization Topology
DIE DIMENSIONS: 249.2 x 290.9 x 19 METALLIZATION: Type: Silicon - Aluminum Thickness: 11kA 2kA GLASSIVATION: Type: Nitrox Thickness: 10kA 2kA WORST CASE CURRENT DENSITY: 1.5 x 105 A/cm2
Metallization Mask Layout
80C86
AD11 AD12 AD13 AD14 GND VCC AD15 A16/S3 A17/S4 A18/S5
A19/S6 AD10 AD9 BHE/S7 MN/MX AD8 AD7 RD
AD6 AD5
RQ/GT0
RQ/GT1 AD4 AD3 LOCK
S2 AD2
AD1
S1
AD0 NMI INTR CLK GND RESET READY TEST QS1 QS0
S0
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80C86 Instruction Set Summary
INSTRUCTION CODE MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION DATA TRANSFER MOV = MOVE: Register/Memory to/from Register Immediate to Register/Memory Immediate to Register Memory to Accumulator Accumulator to Memory Register/Memory to Segment Register Segment Register to Register/Memory PUSH = Push: Register/Memory Register Segment Register POP = Pop: Register/Memory Register Segment Register XCHG = Exchange: Register/Memory with Register Register with Accumulator IN = Input from: Fixed Port Variable Port OUT = Output to: Fixed Port Variable Port XLAT = Translate Byte to AL LEA = Load EA to Register2 LDS = Load Pointer to DS LES = Load Pointer to ES LAHF = Load AH with Flags SAHF = Store AH into Flags PUSHF = Push Flags POPF = Pop Flags ARITHMETIC ADD = Add: Register/Memory with Register to Either Immediate to Register/Memory Immediate to Accumulator ADC = Add with Carry: Register/Memory with Register to Either 000100dw mod reg r/m 000000dw 100000sw 0000010w mod reg r/m mod 0 0 0 r/m data data data if w = 1 data if s:w = 01 1110011w 1110111w 11010111 10001101 11000101 11000100 10011111 10011110 10011100 10011101 mod reg r/m mod reg r/m mod reg r/m port 1110010w 1110110w port 1000011w 1 0 0 1 0 reg mod reg r/m 10001111 0 1 0 1 1 reg 0 0 0 reg 1 1 1 mod 0 0 0 r/m 11111111 0 1 0 1 0 reg 0 0 0 reg 1 1 0 mod 1 1 0 r/m 100010dw 1100011w 1 0 1 1 w reg 1010000w 1010001w 10001110 10001100 mod reg r/m mod 0 0 0 r/m data addr-low addr-low mod 0 reg r/m mod 0 reg r/m data data if w 1 addr-high addr-high data if w 1 76543210 76543210 76543210 76543210
3-171
80C86 Instruction Set Summary
(Continued) INSTRUCTION CODE MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION Immediate to Register/Memory Immediate to Accumulator INC = Increment: Register/Memory Register AAA = ASCll Adjust for Add DAA = Decimal Adjust for Add SUB = Subtract: Register/Memory and Register to Either Immediate from Register/Memory Immediate from Accumulator SBB = Subtract with Borrow Register/Memory and Register to Either Immediate from Register/Memory Immediate from Accumulator DEC = Decrement: Register/Memory Register NEG = Change Sign CMP = Compare: Register/Memory and Register Immediate with Register/Memory Immediate with Accumulator AAS = ASCll Adjust for Subtract DAS = Decimal Adjust for Subtract MUL = Multiply (Unsigned) IMUL = Integer Multiply (Signed) AAM = ASCll Adjust for Multiply DlV = Divide (Unsigned) IDlV = Integer Divide (Signed) AAD = ASClI Adjust for Divide CBW = Convert Byte to Word CWD = Convert Word to Double Word LOGIC NOT = Invert SHL/SAL = Shift Logical/Arithmetic Left SHR = Shift Logical Right SAR = Shift Arithmetic Right ROL = Rotate Left ROR = Rotate Right RCL = Rotate Through Carry Flag Left 1111011w 110100vw 110100vw 110100vw 110100vw 110100vw 110100vw mod 0 1 0 r/m mod 1 0 0 r/m mod 1 0 1 r/m mod 1 1 1 r/m mod 0 0 0 r/m mod 0 0 1 r/m mod 0 1 0 r/m 001110dw 100000sw 0011110w 00111111 00101111 1111011w 1111011w 11010100 1111011w 1111011w 11010101 10011000 10011001 mod 1 0 0 r/m mod 1 0 1 r/m 00001010 mod 1 1 0 r/m mod 1 1 1 r/m 00001010 mod reg r/m mod 1 1 1 r/m data data data if w = 1 data if s:w = 01 1111111w 0 1 0 0 1 reg 1111011w mod 0 1 1 r/m mod 0 0 1 r/m 000110dw 100000sw 0001110w mod reg r/m mod 0 1 1 r/m data data data if w = 1 data if s:w = 01 001010dw 100000sw 0010110w mod reg r/m mod 1 0 1 r/m data data data if w = 1 data if s:w = 01 1111111w 0 1 0 0 0 reg 00110111 00100111 mod 0 0 0 r/m 76543210 100000sw 0001010w 76543210 mod 0 1 0 r/m data 76543210 data data if w = 1 76543210 data if s:w = 01
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80C86 Instruction Set Summary
(Continued) INSTRUCTION CODE MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION RCR = Rotate Through Carry Right AND = And: Reg./Memory and Register to Either Immediate to Register/Memory Immediate to Accumulator TEST = And Function to Flags, No Result: Register/Memory and Register Immediate Data and Register/Memory Immediate Data and Accumulator OR = Or: Register/Memory and Register to Either Immediate to Register/Memory Immediate to Accumulator XOR = Exclusive or: Register/Memory and Register to Either Immediate to Register/Memory Immediate to Accumulator STRING MANIPULATION REP = Repeat MOVS = Move Byte/Word CMPS = Compare Byte/Word SCAS = Scan Byte/Word LODS = Load Byte/Word to AL/AX STOS = Stor Byte/Word from AL/A CONTROL TRANSFER CALL = Call: Direct Within Segment Indirect Within Segment Direct Intersegment 11101000 11111111 10011010 disp-low mod 0 1 0 r/m offset-low seg-low Indirect Intersegment JMP = Unconditional Jump: Direct Within Segment Direct Within Segment-Short Indirect Within Segment Direct Intersegment 11101001 11101011 11111111 11101010 disp-low disp mod 1 0 0 r/m offset-low seg-low Indirect Intersegment RET = Return from CALL: Within Segment Within Seg Adding lmmed to SP 11000011 11000010 data-low data-high 11111111 mod 1 0 1 r/m offset-high seg-high disp-high 11111111 mod 0 1 1 r/m offset-high seg-high disp-high 1111001z 1010010w 1010011w 1010111w 1010110w 1010101w 001100dw 1000000w 0011010w mod reg r/m mod 1 1 0 r/m data data data if w = 1 data if w = 1 000010dw 1000000w 0000110w mod reg r/m mod 1 0 1 r/m data data data if w = 1 data if w = 1 1000010w 1111011w 1010100w mod reg r/m mod 0 0 0 r/m data data data if w = 1 data if w = 1 0010000dw 1000000w 0010010w mod reg r/m mod 1 0 0 r/m data data data if w = 1 data if w = 1 76543210 110100vw 76543210 mod 0 1 1 r/m 76543210 76543210
3-173
80C86 Instruction Set Summary
(Continued) INSTRUCTION CODE MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION Intersegment Intersegment Adding Immediate to SP JE/JZ = Jump on Equal/Zero JL/JNGE = Jump on Less/Not Greater or Equal JLE/JNG = Jump on Less or Equal/ Not Greater JB/JNAE = Jump on Below/Not Above or Equal JBE/JNA = Jump on Below or Equal/Not Above JP/JPE = Jump on Parity/Parity Even JO = Jump on Overflow JS = Jump on Sign JNE/JNZ = Jump on Not Equal/Not Zero JNL/JGE = Jump on Not Less/Greater or Equal JNLE/JG = Jump on Not Less or Equal/Greater JNB/JAE = Jump on Not Below/Above or Equal JNBE/JA = Jump on Not Below or Equal/Above JNP/JPO = Jump on Not Par/Par Odd JNO = Jump on Not Overflow JNS = Jump on Not Sign LOOP = Loop CX Times LOOPZ/LOOPE = Loop While Zero/Equal LOOPNZ/LOOPNE = Loop While Not Zero/Equal JCXZ = Jump on CX Zero INT = Interrupt Type Specified Type 3 INTO = Interrupt on Overflow IRET = Interrupt Return PROCESSOR CONTROL CLC = Clear Carry CMC = Complement Carry STC = Set Carry CLD = Clear Direction STD = Set Direction CLl = Clear Interrupt ST = Set Interrupt HLT = Halt WAIT = Wait ESC = Escape (to External Device) LOCK = Bus Lock Prefix 11111000 11110101 11111001 11111100 11111101 11111010 11111011 11110100 10011011 11011xxx 11110000 mod x x x r/m 11001101 11001100 11001110 11001111 type 76543210 11001011 11001010 01110100 01111100 01111110 01110010 01110110 01111010 01110000 01111000 01110101 01111101 01111111 01110011 01110111 01111011 01110001 01111001 11100010 11100001 11100000 11100011 data-low disp disp disp disp disp disp disp disp disp disp disp disp disp disp disp disp disp disp disp disp data-high 76543210 76543210 76543210
3-174
80C86 Instruction Set Summary
(Continued) INSTRUCTION CODE MNEMONIC AND DESCRIPTION NOTES: AL = 8-bit accumulator AX = 16-bit accumulator CX = Count register DS= Data segment ES = Extra segment Above/below refers to unsigned value. Greater = more positive; Less = less positive (more negative) signed values if d = 1 then "to" reg; if d = 0 then "from" reg if w = 1 then word instruction; if w = 0 then byte instruction if mod = 11 then r/m is treated as a REG field if mod = 00 then DISP = O, disp-low and disp-high are absent if mod = 01 then DISP = disp-low sign-extended 16-bits, disp-high is absent if mod = 10 then DISP = disp-high:disp-low if r/m = 000 then EA = (BX) + (SI) + DISP if r/m = 001 then EA = (BX) + (DI) + DISP if r/m = 010 then EA = (BP) + (SI) + DISP if r/m = 011 then EA = (BP) + (DI) + DISP if r/m = 100 then EA = (SI) + DISP if r/m = 101 then EA = (DI) + DISP if r/m = 110 then EA = (BP) + DISP if r/m = 111 then EA = (BX) + DISP DISP follows 2nd byte of instruction (before data if required) except if mod = 00 and r/m = 110 then EA = disp-high: disp-low. MOV CS, REG/MEMORY not allowed. 76543210 76543210 76543210 76543210
if s:w = 01 then 16-bits of immediate data form the operand. if s:w. = 11 then an immediate data byte is sign extended to form the 16-bit operand. if v = 0 then "count" = 1; if v = 1 then "count" in (CL) x = don't care z is used for string primitives for comparison with ZF FLAG. SEGMENT OVERRIDE PREFIX 001 reg 11 0 REG is assigned according to the following table: 16-BIT (w = 1) 000 AX 001 CX 010 DX 011 BX 100 SP 101 BP 110 SI 111 DI 8-BIT (w = 0) 000 AL 001 CL 010 DL 011 BL 100 AH 101 CH 110 DH 111 BH SEGMENT 00 ES 01 CS 10 SS 11 DS 00 ES 00 ES 00 ES 00 ES
Instructions which reference the flag register file as a 16-bit object use the symbol FLAGS to represent the file: FLAGS = X:X:X:X:(OF):(DF):(IF):(TF):(SF):(ZF):X:(AF):X:(PF):X:(CF) Mnemonics (c) Intel, 1978
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